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点击科学

陶 陶 编译

2018-12/总第273期

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2018-10-12

在由内部程序和外部互动所引导的发育过程中,大脑神经元会找到各自特定的位置。封面图展示的这张来自果蝇幼虫的共焦显微镜图像显示了神经元在视神经叶中的特征位置。通过免疫荧光法可以检测到,神经元是按照出生次序层叠排列的,每一层的颜色对应于神经元对转录因子的独特表达。本期特刊重点介绍了引导大脑发育背后的力量及制约因素。

Neurons of the brain find their places during development guided by internal programs and external interactions. This confocal microscopy image from a Drosophila larva shows the characteristic placement of neurons in the optic lobe. The neurons are organized in layers according to their birth order, with the color of each layer corresponding to its neurons' unique expression of transcription factors, as detected by immunofluorescence. This special issue highlights the behind-the-scenes forces and constraints that guide brain development.

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2018-10-19

在美国,有1%〜2%的人对花生过敏。而一项新的治疗策略有希望能使受影响的儿童在接触花生或花生蛋白时,他们的免疫系统有可能会失去敏感。目前私人诊所的医生正在提供这种治疗方法,并且有2种商业产品即将获得批准上市,这种治疗方法已经变得流行起来。但同时它也伴随着风险和不确定性。


Between 1 and 2% of people in the United States are allergic to peanuts. A new treatment strategy exposes affected children to peanuts or peanut proteins in hopes of desensitizing their immune system. This approach has gained popularity as doctors in private practice offer it and two commercial products are nearing potential approval. But it also comes with risks and uncertainties.

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2018-10-26

封面图展示的是通过艺术手法描绘的细胞核内染色质(螺旋形结构)和DNA调控因子(黄色簇状)。癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)分析网络通过对来自23种癌症类型的410个癌症样本进行分析,描绘出了一幅复杂的染色质图景,大大扩展了已知的癌症基因组DNA调控因子目录,并揭示了基因突变和表观遗传调控因子如何共同促进肿瘤的发展。

Artist's rendering of chromatin (coiled structures) and DNA regulatory elements (yellow clusters) inside a cell's nucleus. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Analysis Network profiled the complex accessible chromatin landscape in 410 cancer samples from 23 cancer types, substantially expanding the catalog of known DNA regulatory elements in cancer genomes and shedding light on how genetic mutations and epigenetic regulators work together to promote tumor development.

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2018-11-02

封面图展示的是1辆由椰子制成的汽车,这张异想天开的照片代表了商业复合材料开始越来越多地使用天然材料,尤其是在汽车行业。椰子的纤维(也被称作coir,椰子壳纤维)和磨成粉的椰子壳都可以与各种聚合物结合在一起制成汽车零部件,包括车门包层、结构防护及汽车内部构件等。

This whimsical photo of a coconut turned into a car represents the increasing use of natural materials in commercial composites, particularly in the automotive sector. Coconut fibers (coir) and powdered coconut shells can be combined with a variety of polymers to make car parts, including door cladding, structural guards, and internal components.

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