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点击科学

陶 陶 编译

2019-02/总第275期

阅读数1

6422.jpg

2019-01-04

封面图展示的是通过艺术手法描绘的波兰西里西亚三叠纪晚期一个清晨的场景。图中与大象差不多大小的二齿兽是现代哺乳动物的远亲,在纤细的兽脚亚目恐龙寻找猎物的过程中,这头巨大的二齿兽在森林中缓慢地行走。在封面图前景中,哺乳动物的祖先哈勒兽正在小心翼翼地沿着树枝移动。Lisowicia是已知最大的二齿兽,它们具有直立的四肢并且直立行走,与现代哺乳动物类似。

Artist's rendering of an early morning in Silesia, Poland, during the Late Triassic. The elephant-sized dicynodont Lisowicia bojani, a distant cousin of present-day mammals, plods slowly through the woodland as gracile theropod dinosaurs search for prey. In the foreground, the mammalian ancestor Hallautherium moves cautiously along a branch. Lisowicia, the largest known dicynodont, had upright limbs and walked with an erect gait, similar to modern mammals.

6423.jpg

2019-01-11

封面图展示的是一群工蚁,它们正在把咀嚼过的叶子带回位于马来西亚婆罗洲雨林中的蚁群。白蚁是落叶层的重要分解者,它们能够增强生态系统的复原能力,这些白蚁常在环境危急时期快速茁壮成长。因此,在干旱期间,白蚁活动的愈加频繁和数量的增加会导致土壤水分增加、土壤养分的异质性、落叶层的分解及幼苗的存活。

Worker termites (Longipeditermes longipes) carry masticated leaves back to their colony in the rainforest of Malaysian Borneo. Processionary termites are important decomposers of leaf litter and can confer ecosystem resilience, as these insects often thrive during periods of environmental stress. Consequently, during drought, an uptick in termite activity and abundance leads to increased soil moisture, soil nutrient heterogeneity, leaf litter decomposition, and seedling survival.

6424.jpg

2019-01-18

封面上展示的是深度编码颜色的黑腹果蝇大脑椭球体神经元的三维显微图,通过提取包含整个大脑的超大数据集制成。将扩张显微镜与点阵薄层显微镜相结合,可实现神经回路及其分子成分在毫米范围内的纳米级分辨率快速荧光成像。

A three-dimensional micrograph, color coded by depth, of neurons at the ellipsoid body in the brain of a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), extracted from a much larger dataset encompassing the entire brain. Combining expansion microscopy with lattice light-sheet microscopy enables rapid fluorescence imaging of neural circuits and their molecular constituents over millimeter dimensions with nanoscale resolution.

6425.jpg

2019-01-25

封面图展示的是2018年6月10日在美国夏威夷基拉威厄火山东部裂谷带较低处喷发出的火山岩浆。喷发的熔岩形成了一条通道,并流向夏威夷州的卡波霍海域。与此同时,山顶的破火山口正在崩塌。剧烈的裂谷带喷发和峰顶崩塌持续了约3个月的时间。

Lava erupts from fissure 8 on 10 June 2018 in the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i. The erupting lava formed a channel and flowed toward the ocean at Kapoho, Hawai'i. Meanwhile, the summit caldera was collapsing. The vigorous rift zone eruption and summit collapse lasted about 3 months.

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