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[点击科学]2019年4月点击科学

陶 陶 编译

2019-04/总第277期

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2019-03-01

封面图展示的是一只阿尔斯通的会唱歌的褐鼷鼠,它正在表演一首用调频颤音编写的广告歌曲。这种小鼠的雄性伴侣经常会进行快速的语音交流,也就是所谓的反唱,类似于人类对话中的轮流发言。这些社交互动是在一个分层的大脑组织的帮助下进行的,在这个大脑组织中,歌曲的产生是由皮层下结构调节的,而整合反唱的过程是由皮层调节的。

An Alston's singing mouse (Scotinomys teguina) performing an advertisement song, composed of frequency-modulated trills. Male pairs often engage in rapid vocal exchanges, known as countersinging, that resemble the turn-taking dynamics of human conversations. These social interactions are facilitated by a hierarchical brain organization, in which song production is mediated by subcortical structures, whereas the processes that coordinate countersinging are regulated cortically.

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2019-03-08

当健康专家宣布糖尿病前期(指血糖水平轻微升高)是一种需要治疗的疾病时,数千万美国人变成了潜在的患者。但正如一份《科学》杂志的调查报告所显示的那样,糖尿病前期的风险可能被过分夸大了,而且许多治疗方法收效甚微。

When health experts declared that prediabetes, a slightly elevated blood sugar level, is a medical condition that calls for treatment, tens of millions of Americans became potential patients. But as a Science investigative report shows, the risks of prediabetes may have been greatly exaggerated, and many treatments offer little benefit.

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2019-03-15

封面上是一位年轻的癌症患者凝视着窗外,也许她正在想象未来会发生些什么。对于许多癌症儿童来说,未来是光明的。由于医疗技术的进步,高收入国家的癌症平均治愈率现在已超过80%。同时,合作研究有可能产生副作用更少的新疗法,并有助于提高低收入国家的癌症治愈率。

A young cancer patient gazes out a window, perhaps wondering what the future holds. For many children with cancer, the future is bright. Thanks to treatment advances, the average cure rate in high-income countries now exceeds 80%. Collaborative research may yield new treatments with fewer side effects and help improve cure rates in lower-income countries.

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2019-03-22

封面图展示的是一种建造珊瑚礁的孔珊瑚,它正准备从它的珊瑚虫中释放出淡粉色的卵和精子束。通过收集卵子和精子,研究人员已经能够将这种物种与其他物种进行杂交,希望创造出能够应对海洋变暖的杂交物种。但是这种方法也是有争议的,将这种杂交物种移植到开放海域的提议也遇到了抵制。

Acropora tenuis, a reef-building coral, prepares to release pastel pink bundles of egg and sperm from its polyps. By harvesting the eggs and sperm, researchers have been able to cross-breed this species with others, in hopes of creating hybrids that can cope with warming seas. But the approach is controversial, and proposals to transplant such hybrids into the open ocean have met with resistance.

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