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[点击科学]2020年6月点击科学

陶 陶 编译

2020-06/总第291期

阅读数2


6489.jpg

2020-04-24

封面图展示的是不同种类昆虫的集合,代表了在北美洲发现的一些物种的多样性。对现有数据的一项新的综合分析表明,陆生昆虫总体数量下降,而淡水昆虫总体数量上升。为了在封面图中展示尽可能多种类的昆虫,它们的大小没有按比例显示。


A collection of insects from different orders, representing some of the diversity of species found in North America. A new synthesis of existing data indicates overall declines among terrestrial insect assemblages but increases among freshwater assemblages. To accommodate as many orders as possible, insect sizes are not shown to scale.


6490.jpg

2020-05-01

封面图展示的是氧化混合物周围的两条碳带所产生的热量使微粒烧结成致密的陶瓷复合材料。传统的陶瓷烧结工艺受到加工时间长、成分控制差等条件的限制。为了克服这些局限性,人们开发出了一种超快速高温烧结法,可以利用氧化物前体在大约10秒的时间内制备陶瓷材料,从而能够快速筛选并发现高性能的陶瓷。


Heat from two carbon strips surrounding an oxide mixture sinters the particles into a dense ceramic composite. Conventional ceramic sintering techniques are limited by long processing times and poor compositional control. To overcome these constraints, an ultrafast high-temperature sintering method has been developed to fabricate ceramic materials from oxide precursors in ~10 seconds, enabling rapid screening and discovery of high-performance ceramics.


6491.jpg

2020-05-08

封面上展示的马赛克插图描绘的是一位腹中怀有胎儿的母亲,由不同的免疫细胞类型组合而成。发育中的免疫系统会与多种因素相互作用并受到其影响,其中包括子宫内及出生后的母体细胞(以及她的共生菌群)。本期特刊详述了早期生命免疫学的最新进展,这将有助于制订相关策略,以应对婴幼儿时期的感染,以及成长过程中的免疫紊乱等疾病。


Illustrated mosaic of a mother with child, assembled from various immune cell types. The developing immune system interacts with and is influenced by several factors, including the mother's cells (and her commensal microbiota) in utero and after birth. This special issue celebrates recent advances in early life immunology, which will help inform strategies to combat both childhood infections and immune disorders in later life.


6492.jpg

2020-05-15

封面图描绘的是光线穿过了德国汉诺威市艾琳里德城市森林里的树木之间。树木覆盖率的增加降低了林冠层以下的极端温度。这种温度缓冲效应减缓了局部变暖,并且可以保护植物免受气候变化的影响。相比之下,植物群落的变化在植被覆盖率逐渐减少的森林中最为明显。这些研究发现将对森林管理和生物多样性保护具有重要意义。


Light shines through the trees of Eilenriede city forest, Hanover, Germany. Increased tree cover reduces below-canopy temperature extremes. This temperature-buffering effect slows local warming and protects plants against climate change. By contrast, plant community changes are most pronounced in forests where tree cover is reduced over time. These findings will have important implications for forest management and biodiversity conservation.

(陶 陶 编译)■


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