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[点击科学]2021年3月点击科学

陶 陶 编译

2021-03/总第300期

阅读数2

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2021-01-29

封面图上展示的是一只裸鼹鼠,它可以发出各种不同的声音。通过分析它们的问候声,也就是一种柔和的唧唧声,可以发现这种声音能够被用来与其他社会成员进行交流。来自不同群体的个体会使用不同的“方言”,它们在很小的时候就学会了这些方言。裸鼹鼠方言的用法与人类近似,这一发现可能有助于揭示出其社会交往的机制。


Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) display rich vocal repertoires. Analysis of their greeting call, the soft chirp, reveals that this sound can be used to communicate social membership. Individuals from different colonies use distinctive dialects that are learned early in life. Dialect usage in naked mole-rats is similar to that in humans, a finding that may shed light on mechanisms of social communication.


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2021-02-05

20年前,两个研究小组在《科学》和《自然》杂志上同时发表了首份人类基因组序列草图。如今,嵌入人类染色体的这种复杂代码已经完全改变了科学研究、医学,以及人类对自身的认识。本期特刊探讨了这一伟大成就遗留下的复杂问题。


Twenty years after two groups published the first draft sequences of the human genome in Science and Nature, the intricate code embedded in human chromosomes has transformed research, medicine, and our concept of ourselves. This special issue explores the achievement's complex legacy.


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2021-02-12

封面图描绘了多元化是一项广泛提出的警务改革建议,但由于数据的限制,我们很难测试不同身份的警官在面临类似情况时,是否会有不同的行为。一项新的研究显示,根据芝加哥的微程序记录,与白人男性警官相比,来自边缘群体的警官更少使用武力,也更少对轻微的违法行为进行拦截和逮捕,这种不平等在遇到黑人平民时尤为明显。


Diversification is a widely proposed policing reform, but data constraints make it difficult to test whether officers of different identities behave differently when facing comparable circumstances. Using microlevel records from Chicago, a new study shows that officers from marginalized groups use force less often and make fewer stops and arrests for minor infractions than white and male officers. These disparities are particularly pronounced during encounters with Black civilians.



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2021-02-19

封面图上展示的是线粒体核糖体附着在线粒体内膜上,以方便插入由线粒体基因组编码的合成蛋白(图中亮黄色部分)。出口通道的门控机制(青色)可以使蛋白质输送到膜插入酶OXA1L(浅棕色)。这里显示的相对位置,来自一个翻译完整的人类线粒体——OXA1L复合体的结构数据。


Mitochondrial ribosomes, or mitoribosomes, are tethered to the mitochondrial inner membrane to facilitate insertion of synthesized proteins (bright yellow) encoded by the mitochondrial genome. A gating mechanism of the exit tunnel (cyan) enables protein delivery to the membrane insertase OXA1L (light brown). The relative positions shown here are from structural data of an intact translating human mitoribosome:OXA1L complex.

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