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[点击科学]2019年12月点击科学

陶 陶 编译

2019-12/总第285期

阅读数3

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2019-10-11

封面图展示的是当格陵兰岛的黑尔海姆冰川消退后,在一大片搁浅的冰原内,美国陆军工程兵团工程师格雷格·汉伦旁边的融水瀑布正在形成。汉伦所在的团队主要是研究融水如何与温暖洋流相互作用,从而加速从黑尔海姆和其他冰川流失冰层使格陵兰冰盖逐渐枯竭。

Inside a tract of ice stranded as Greenland’s Helheim Glacier retreated, meltwater cascades near Greg Hanlon, an engineer with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Hanlon is part of a team studying how meltwater interacts with warm ocean currents to speed ice loss from Helheim and other glaciers draining Greenland’s ice sheet.

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2019-10-18

封面图展示的是一个原生动物种群Choanoeca flexa。作为一种鞭毛类动物,C. flexa是现存最接近的动物近亲之一。这个物种会形成杯状菌落,通过集体的细胞收缩快速转化它们的曲率,从而应对明到暗的过渡。这种行为可能会为研究动物组织弯曲的进化起源提供新思路。

A colony of the protozoan species Choanoeca flexa. As a choanoflagellate, C. flexa is one of the closest living relatives of animals. This species forms cup-shaped colonies that quickly invert their curvature in response to light-to-dark transitions by undergoing collective cell contractions. This behavior may offer insight into the evolutionary origin of tissue bending in animals.

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2019-10-25

封面图展示的是几条蚯蚓,它们是地球土壤的主要组成部分,并驱动着重要的生态系统服务。然而,直到现在,影响蚯蚓全球多样性和丰富性的主要因素在很大程度上还不为人知。促使蚯蚓生物多样性模式的主要环境因素就是气候,在温带地区具有较高的局部多样性及丰度。尽管热带地区的物种多样性较低,但就整个地区的物种总数来说可能更多。

Earthworms are major components of our world's soils and drive important ecosystem services. However, the main factors affecting their global diversity and abundance have been largely unknown until now. Climate is the main environmental factor driving earthworm biodiversity patterns, with higher local diversity and abundance occurring in temperate regions. Despite the lower local diversity in the tropics, across the entire region there may be more species overall.

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2019-11-01

封面图展示的是红带袖蝶(左)和艺神袖蝶(右),它们通过进化出类似的警告色保护自己免受捕食者的伤害,这是缪勒拟态的一个例子。这些物种包含在被测序的20个蝴蝶基因组之中,阐明了杂交和基因流在基因组进化中的重要性。

Heliconius melpomene (left) and Heliconius erato (right) gained protection from predators by evolving similar warning colors, an example of Müllerian mimicry. These species are among 20 sequenced butterfly genomes that illustrate the importance of hybridization and gene flow in genomic evolution.

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