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[点击科学]2021年11月点击科学

陶 陶 编译

2021-11/总第308期

阅读数2

6560.jpg

2021-09-10

封面图展示的是一场强大的热带雷暴,我们可以看到过冲云顶会向低平流层注入水蒸气。特别是超级单体雷暴,可以激发对流层顶的水跃,大大增加低平流层的局部水合作用。增强对这一特性的理解可能有助于改善对恶劣天气的预报。


A powerful tropical thunderstorm exhibits an overshooting top that may inject water vapor into the lower stratosphere. Supercell thunderstorms, in particular, can excite hydraulic jumps at the tropopause, substantially increasing the local hydration of the lower stratosphere. Enhanced understanding of this feature has the potential to improve severe weather forecasts.


6561.jpg

2021-09-17

封面图上的伪色显微照片展示的是具有纳米孪晶结构的纯钛,其中每一种颜色代表具有相同晶体取向的区域。纳米孪晶结构是通过在液氮中进行多步低温锻造,然后在400℃下退火而得到的。因此,被加工的材料表现出超高的强度和延展性,特别是在低温条件下。


False-color micrograph of pure titanium with a nanotwinned structure, where each color represents a region with an identical crystallographic orientation. The nanotwinned structure was produced via a multistep cryoforging process carried out in liquid nitrogen, followed by annealing at 400℃. As a result, the processed material exhibits ultrahigh strength and ductility, especially at cryogenic temperatures.


6562.jpg

2021-09-24

封面图展示的是将人类基因组可视化为螺旋状(比例:每厘米100万个碱基),彩色片段代表不同的染色体。圆的大小表示与单基因病相关的基因数量;空心圆圈表示泛癌分析中突变簇的数量。本期特刊探讨了过去人类基因组学研究的经验教训,着眼于未来的研究工作发展方向。


Visualization of the human genome as a spiral (scale: 1 million bases per centimeter), with colored segments representing different chromosomes. Circle size denotes the number of genes associated with Mendelian disorders; hollow circles indicate the number of mutation clusters from a pan-cancer analysis. This special issue explores lessons from past studies of human genomics, with an eye toward future research efforts.


6563.jpg

2021-10-01

封面图展示的是南非克鲁格国家公园的非洲水牛。水牛是口蹄疫病毒的宿主,它会感染野生和家养有蹄类动物。像口蹄疫这样的高传染性传染病会在易感人群中迅速传播,但当宿主获得免疫力后就会消失——除了宿主,它们会地方性地持续存在。地方病持久性的机制代表了长期存在的宿主与病原体关联的进化结果,并可能会暴露传播周期中的隐患。


African buffalo in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Buffalo are reservoir hosts for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viruses, which infect wild and domestic ungulates. Highly contagious infections such as FMD spread rapidly through susceptible populations but fade out as hosts gain immunity—except in reservoir hosts, where they persist endemically. Mechanisms of endemic persistence represent evolutionary outcomes of long-standing host-pathogen associations and may expose points of vulnerability in the transmission cycle.

(陶 陶 编译)■


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